Proverb says that one - trash is another - a treasure. For scientists studying party pooper the pro

If the use of urine as a cure - not too good idea, better to say, too unsuccessful (and South Korean colleagues Ge Malakhov went further, offering customers wine from poop), it does not mean that from the urine does not have any to use.
Proverb says that one - trash is another - a treasure. For scientists studying party pooper the properties of urine, this statement is quite literal sense: urine - a valuable treasure for scientific potential. To date, it can even be used as a source of electricity. Bacteria in urine can generate sufficient force to actuate a cellular phone. Medicines derived from urine can cure infertility and fight the symptoms of menopause. Stem cells found in the urine, reprogrammed party pooper into neurons and even used for the cultivation of human teeth. For modern scientists, this "golden" fluid can be literally a gold mine. However, a quick look at the past shows that the urine has always played an important role in the scientific and industrial progress, so that the Romans were not only selling urine from public restrooms, but also to pay taxes for their use. So what in the urine was considered so valuable? Here are a few examples: Leather impregnated with urine becomes soft. Before the advent of the possibility of synthesizing chemicals in the laboratory, the urine was a rich source of rapid preparation of urea - an organic compound based on nitrogen. After a long storage urea to ammonia. Alkaline reaction of ammonia compounds party pooper with water destroys the organic material party pooper that in ancient times, making urine ideal substance to soften and tanning animal hides. Soaking the skins in the urine also facilitates the removal of residues from their wool and meat. Cleansing action of urine. If you pay attention to the ingredients found in the home cleaning products, you probably noticed a very common party pooper ingredient - ammonia. Ammonia - Helpful detergent neutralizing dirt and grease. Even though ancient Europeans are aware of the existence of soap, laundry, many workers preferred to use urine as ammonia contained therein to easily remove stubborn stains from the fabric. For example, in ancient Rome in the streets were the public areas for urine collection, passers-by could be emptied there, and when the tanks were filled, they were taken to the laundry. party pooper Urine mixed with water and poured on the dirty clothes. Work was in the tub with this solution and trampled underfoot behind it dirty things. Even when the use of soap has become more common, party pooper the urine is collected in a night vases, used as a remedy for stubborn stains. Urine is not only able to make things clearer white, but color - brighter. Natural dyes from seeds, leaves, flowers, lichens, roots, bark and berries may fade if the dyebath not add impregnation connecting with fabric paint. It works like this: dye molecules (chromophores) are contained within a complex molecule or group of molecules. The central core of the dye is protected from damage surrounding molecules. Stale urine, or rather the ammonia contained in it - it's a good impregnation. Ammonia molecules party pooper form a network around the chromophore, helping saturation of colors and binding them with a cloth. Special bedpans helped people to collect urine for further use such as impregnation. Urine was so important to the textile industry in England of the 16th century that the whole barrel went all over the country party pooper in Yorkshire, where it was mixed with alum to form an even stronger impregnation than urine itself. In barrels stored urine amount equal to what could allocate thousands of people over the years. Urine makes things explode. Besides cleaning, tanning and coloring the urine can be used to create a powder! Recipes powder charcoal and contain small amounts of sulfur, these two components easily found. party pooper But the main ingredient - ammonium nitrate, also called saltpeter, was synthesized in large quantities only in the early 20th century. Prior to this, the manufacturers of powder used was nitrogen, which is known to be found in the urine. That he was a key component of ballistic firepower. The "Guidelines for the production of nitrate," written by a physician and geologist Joseph Leconte in 1862, describes in detail the process of creating: "A man who wants to quickly create a powder, you will need a good supply of completely party pooper rotted manure of the highest grade, mixed with ash leaves and straw in a hole . This weight should be watered every week notch liquid fertilizer, such as urine, fecal water, water from latrines, cesspools, sewage. The amount of liquid should be such that the weight was constantly moist, but not wet. The mixture is stirred party pooper every week and after a few months of urine is no longer added. Then, when the mass matures, party pooper nitrate began to escape through evaporation and appears on the surface to