Capital (4): the capital of black magic | stitches
The fourth chapter of Das Kapital is probably a link: the first three chapters we talked about basic concepts in economics, and in the following chapters talk about how the proletariat exploited carpet steamer by capital. The fourth chapter is designed to give us the basis for this. Like previous installments he can not, and does his job by logical leaps and ignoring alternative explanations. While the previous section we saw the first use (abuse) of the content-free "social labor time necessary", in this chapter we begin to see how the non-proven assumption that this time determines the value of the goods becomes, as I imagined the second chapter, the largest ever tautology.
The chapter carpet steamer is over the difference between the two forms of activities listed trading network between people. As defined by the previous chapter, missed my review, there are two types of network activities: carpet steamer Sale, marked "S-meters" that the merchandise is replaced by the Commissioner; And Kenya, "from carpet steamer S.". Of course, all he buy one sale after it. These actions we're putting in two types of thermocouples. The first, "S-from-S" is selling merchandise to buy merchandise more desirable to the original seller, ie the replacement value of about one-use carpet steamer other use, the better for both sides. Second, "from SS-over," he buy to sell. When money appears in the second - use it makes it way to the capital.
This form is always whenever carpet steamer two commodities are buying goods with each other and the balance of mutual carpet steamer financial claims on repayment evens out ... how about using it should, it is clear that the two replacements could earn here. Both hands out useless goods are realizable values for them, and receive goods they need them. And this may not be the only benefit. A familiar wine and buy grain, can he produces more wine than he could produce farmer in the same working time, [and vice versa]. Is, for the same exchange value itself gets A more grain and, more wine than they would have achieved had each and every one of them to make wine and grain without exchange. [P 127]
The second form, "m-L-m", carpet steamer although derived from net trade, Marx seems less understandable: no one buys merchandise to sell it in exactly the same price. The real shape 'from SS-than * ", ie selling at a profit. But her merchandise itself is involved - how this same goods, no change in the value of its use, gets more money selling it than Kenyan?
Any difference between [shape from SS-m] and the simple commodity circulation is merely reversing the order of battle of these two opposing processes: and bargain sale. And how might this difference, which is itself only a form difference, to change, as if by magic, carpet steamer the nature of these processes. [P 126 post all emphases are mine]
The answer carpet steamer to the question, although Marx did not write it that way, is that what's really going on is over-L-m *, but over-L-L * from *. Something happens to merchandise before it returns carpet steamer to circulation. The process S.-L * value represents a change in use, but some change? Commodity can happen two things to me, I will call them 'commercial' and 'Do'. Trade, S.-L process * is simply finding a buyer for the use value is S *, and S, and therefore he would be willing to pay for it than * and m. But this process contradicts Marx's premise that exchange value is determined independently of system usage, by socially necessary labor time. Therefore, this process does not appear in the episode, but that Marx attempts to prove that this process can not be the main reason for adding value cycle (what I think is right), and that he quotes us the saying of Benjamin Franklin, carpet steamer "war is robbery, commerce - fraud" . After all, if not adding value in the form of mental and physical effort to find your supply and demand, Marx did not know it at work, then I could only deceive your friend.
The only process S.-L * Marx knows it is an industry. In this process, carpet steamer adding work: "All physical and spiritual talents, the existing body of man, animal personality, he uses them whenever he produces carpet steamer values using any kind" - everyone, except those needed for trade, it turns out. Here, we left out the workforce generally the capital carpet steamer invested by the owner. There are other skills with a wealthy may invest, as knowledge and recognition of how to carry out an industrial process and which process should perform, and Marx leaves them out without any explanation, simply by mere assumption that all labor is by a capital market. carpet steamer And so we arrive at by using assumptions based not only conclusion: capital has not added anything to the product carpet steamer that he earns it. And that, even before we had a quarter of the book, has been a huge fallacy frightening lack of its foundations will make her (and made her) to collapse all of us on the head as soon as the end to come.
But we did not stop here. Labor force, according to Marx's assumptions, carpet steamer resulting value of the work needed carpet steamer to produce them: and his means of livelihood children needed workforce renewal. While operating on the market free trader sells his labor, but it uses cycle-from S. S. impossible to earn it, and a capital gain that practice makes for the S-S phase *. Please note that the claim that the worker can not earn more than the minimum means of subsistence of his is just one more roll of the premise on working time as determining value - is never proven.
Furthermore, why Hapoel selling his labor power instead of using it himself? Because he has the means of production - lathe, saw, machine - required for the work, while the equity holder has the means of production carpet steamer but has no job. This is the debut of the term "means of production" that every history teacher uses it to define the difference between carpet steamer capitalism and socialism. A small workshop, which is acting carpet steamer and as a means of production (locksmith, carpenter small, independent programmer and web designer) remained outside carpet steamer the discussion, carpet steamer and the discussion becomes relevant only to the economy in which business Heck weight
The fourth chapter of Das Kapital is probably a link: the first three chapters we talked about basic concepts in economics, and in the following chapters talk about how the proletariat exploited carpet steamer by capital. The fourth chapter is designed to give us the basis for this. Like previous installments he can not, and does his job by logical leaps and ignoring alternative explanations. While the previous section we saw the first use (abuse) of the content-free "social labor time necessary", in this chapter we begin to see how the non-proven assumption that this time determines the value of the goods becomes, as I imagined the second chapter, the largest ever tautology.
The chapter carpet steamer is over the difference between the two forms of activities listed trading network between people. As defined by the previous chapter, missed my review, there are two types of network activities: carpet steamer Sale, marked "S-meters" that the merchandise is replaced by the Commissioner; And Kenya, "from carpet steamer S.". Of course, all he buy one sale after it. These actions we're putting in two types of thermocouples. The first, "S-from-S" is selling merchandise to buy merchandise more desirable to the original seller, ie the replacement value of about one-use carpet steamer other use, the better for both sides. Second, "from SS-over," he buy to sell. When money appears in the second - use it makes it way to the capital.
This form is always whenever carpet steamer two commodities are buying goods with each other and the balance of mutual carpet steamer financial claims on repayment evens out ... how about using it should, it is clear that the two replacements could earn here. Both hands out useless goods are realizable values for them, and receive goods they need them. And this may not be the only benefit. A familiar wine and buy grain, can he produces more wine than he could produce farmer in the same working time, [and vice versa]. Is, for the same exchange value itself gets A more grain and, more wine than they would have achieved had each and every one of them to make wine and grain without exchange. [P 127]
The second form, "m-L-m", carpet steamer although derived from net trade, Marx seems less understandable: no one buys merchandise to sell it in exactly the same price. The real shape 'from SS-than * ", ie selling at a profit. But her merchandise itself is involved - how this same goods, no change in the value of its use, gets more money selling it than Kenyan?
Any difference between [shape from SS-m] and the simple commodity circulation is merely reversing the order of battle of these two opposing processes: and bargain sale. And how might this difference, which is itself only a form difference, to change, as if by magic, carpet steamer the nature of these processes. [P 126 post all emphases are mine]
The answer carpet steamer to the question, although Marx did not write it that way, is that what's really going on is over-L-m *, but over-L-L * from *. Something happens to merchandise before it returns carpet steamer to circulation. The process S.-L * value represents a change in use, but some change? Commodity can happen two things to me, I will call them 'commercial' and 'Do'. Trade, S.-L process * is simply finding a buyer for the use value is S *, and S, and therefore he would be willing to pay for it than * and m. But this process contradicts Marx's premise that exchange value is determined independently of system usage, by socially necessary labor time. Therefore, this process does not appear in the episode, but that Marx attempts to prove that this process can not be the main reason for adding value cycle (what I think is right), and that he quotes us the saying of Benjamin Franklin, carpet steamer "war is robbery, commerce - fraud" . After all, if not adding value in the form of mental and physical effort to find your supply and demand, Marx did not know it at work, then I could only deceive your friend.
The only process S.-L * Marx knows it is an industry. In this process, carpet steamer adding work: "All physical and spiritual talents, the existing body of man, animal personality, he uses them whenever he produces carpet steamer values using any kind" - everyone, except those needed for trade, it turns out. Here, we left out the workforce generally the capital carpet steamer invested by the owner. There are other skills with a wealthy may invest, as knowledge and recognition of how to carry out an industrial process and which process should perform, and Marx leaves them out without any explanation, simply by mere assumption that all labor is by a capital market. carpet steamer And so we arrive at by using assumptions based not only conclusion: capital has not added anything to the product carpet steamer that he earns it. And that, even before we had a quarter of the book, has been a huge fallacy frightening lack of its foundations will make her (and made her) to collapse all of us on the head as soon as the end to come.
But we did not stop here. Labor force, according to Marx's assumptions, carpet steamer resulting value of the work needed carpet steamer to produce them: and his means of livelihood children needed workforce renewal. While operating on the market free trader sells his labor, but it uses cycle-from S. S. impossible to earn it, and a capital gain that practice makes for the S-S phase *. Please note that the claim that the worker can not earn more than the minimum means of subsistence of his is just one more roll of the premise on working time as determining value - is never proven.
Furthermore, why Hapoel selling his labor power instead of using it himself? Because he has the means of production - lathe, saw, machine - required for the work, while the equity holder has the means of production carpet steamer but has no job. This is the debut of the term "means of production" that every history teacher uses it to define the difference between carpet steamer capitalism and socialism. A small workshop, which is acting carpet steamer and as a means of production (locksmith, carpenter small, independent programmer and web designer) remained outside carpet steamer the discussion, carpet steamer and the discussion becomes relevant only to the economy in which business Heck weight
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